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METHANE RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURES: THE CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES CASEBOOK 1.4 And What of the Future? The conversion of agricultural wastes, animal manures in particular, into a renewable energy resource has been the focus of intensive research for more than two decades. Much has been learned about how manure can be used as an energy and nutrient source. Several available digester systems are both cost-effective and easily managed; however, American farmers have not been motivated to adopt these new practices. More cost-effective and easily managed manure management techniques are still needed, especially for smaller farms, to encourage farmers to use animal manure for energy and nutrients. Not only will farmers benefit monetarily, AD will also help mitigate animal manure’s contribution to air, surface, and groundwater pollution. There are additional indirect benefits for rural economic development from the implicit multiplier effect resulting from the creation of jobs resulting from providing, installing, and maintaining the digester system equipment. The implicit multiplier effect of integrated agricultural production and processing can be 2-3 times the traditional production-only values. Promising future waste-to-profit activities may enhance the economic performance of the overall farm manure management system. New end-use applications that can provide added value to coproducts and maximize nutrient utilization include advanced technologies to generate electricity and process heat; greenhouses; and, algae, plant and fish aquaculture. The use of attached greenhouses can also provide enhanced plant growth rates if the available carbon dioxide is captured. Wastewater effluent can also be discharged into ponds and used as a growth culture for high-protein content algae or other aquatic plants. A combination of these activities could be incorporated on farms with multi-function production systems. “Agri-Plex” would be a more accurate name for such an operation. Extending the AD process to recover methane has considerable potential beyond the farm to other industries with a waste stream characterization similar to livestock manures. Example industries include processors of milk, meat, food, fiber, and pharmaceuticals. Some of these industries already recover methane for energy. 1.5 Methane Recovery and the Climate Change Action Plan 1 As a part of the methane emission reduction component of the Climate Change Action Plan , the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Departments of Energy (DOE) and Agriculture (USDA) have expanded the voluntary AgSTAR pollution prevention program with the livestock industry. An AgSTAR livestock producer agrees to explore profitable methane reduction activities by signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). With AgSTAR assistance, producers will survey farm facilities to identify profitable opportunities to capture and use methane. Producers will install systems for the recovery and use of methane only where it is profitable to do so. 1 Clinton, W.J.; Gore, A.C. (1993). Climate Change Action Plan. Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President. 1-4PDF Image | Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook
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