Landfill Gas Energy Technologies

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Landfill Gas Energy Technologies ( landfill-gas-energy-technologies )

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summed up and transmitted outwards by a water- or glycol-based system, in order to be utilised. The auxiliary drive switchgear ensures appropriate specifications of water or glycol at the inlet and outlet of the CHP unit by controlling the valves, the emergency cooling system, and by constantly monitoring the water specifications. If water at the inlet to the CHP unit is too hot, the switchgear directs some water to the cooling system. When the incoming water at the CHP unit is too cold, the by-pass warms up water up to the required temperature. All the operations are carried out to achieve the required temperature of water or glycol at the outlet of the CHP unit. In CHP units, water temperature is 70°C at the inlet and 90°C at the outlet [24]. Another important system of an engine is the gas-and-air system. For its operation, a reciprocating engine needs air which, together with the fuel (gas), and combusted in the engine’s combustion chambers. A gas-and-air mixture is created by the gas-and-air mixer, into which air is drawn through a filter. The gas feeding system comprises a gas control system with a zero pressure regulator, and a precise system for metering gas flow by means of a metering valve. The air-fuel ratio is selected based on the result of the metering. The gas metering valve is controlled by a lambda system comprising an oxygen sensor and an electronic gas lambda system. The third system, apart from the water and the gas-and-air systems, is the oil system. Each reciprocating engine requires oil to lubricate the moving parts. A small amount of oil may enter the combustion chamber where it is combusted along with the fuel. Therefore, an external oil system must be provided, to supplement oil in case of shortages, enabling continuous operation of the CHP unit [24]. The fourth system in a CHP unit is the power system. To enable electricity produced by the generator to be beneficially used, suitable devices must be installed at electricity collection to protect the generators against overloading and short-circuit conditions. The devices must be suitably connected to be capable of switching the generator on and off. The system must protect the generators against the so-called motor operation which is capable of destroying the entire CHP unit. A power safety system switchgear is employed to cope with the tasks referred to above [24]. 46

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