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Siloxane removal Siloxanes are a family of man-made organic compounds that contain silicon, oxygen and methyl groups. Siloxanes are used in the manufacture of personal hygiene, health care and industrial products. As a consequence of their widespread use, siloxanes are found in solid waste deposited in landfills. At landfills, low molecular weight siloxanes volatilize into landfill gas. When this gas is combusted to generate power (such as in gas turbines, boilers or internal combustion engines), siloxanes are converted to silicon dioxide (SiO2), which can deposit in the combustion and/or exhaust stages of the equipment. Evidence of siloxanes in landfill gas is found in the form of a white powder in heated gas turbine components, as a light coating on various types of heat exchangers, in deposits on combustion surfaces in reciprocating engines, and as a light coating on post-combustion catalysts [9]. The key methods used for siloxane removal are: • adsorption on activated coal; • adsorption in a liquid hydrocarbon mixture, • gas cooling with concurrent water knockout. A gas may be cooled down as much as to – 70 ̊C, resulting in 99% siloxane reduction. Other landfill gas contaminants A landfill gas may also contain the following other contaminants: • ammonia; • aromatic hydrocarbons, i.e. benzene, toluene, ethylobenzene, xylene; • halogens. These contaminants are usually present in landfill gas at concentrations below the detection 3 level. The concentration of ammonia is below 0.1 mg/m , that of aromatic hydrocarbons – 33 below 1 mg/m and that of halogens – below 0.1 mg/m , facilitating immediate use of gas without the need for any additional treatment systems. 22PDF Image | Landfill Gas Energy Technologies
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