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Digestion Systems Several different systems have been designed for anaerobic digestion. Following are basic descriptions of the more popular systems used on farms. Plug Flow System The plug flow system usually takes the form of a long concrete tank with a slight grade over the length. Influent is either continuously or intermittently added to one end and flows by gravity to the opposite end. The contents are not mixed mechanically. The retention time is thus a function of channel length, channel grade, and the loading rate. The plug flow digester is best suited for manure with a higher solids content (11 to 13% total solids) such as that of a dairy operation (AgSTAR, 2004). Figure 4 shows the main elements of a plug flow digester system. Figure 4 Typical plug flow digester system (Timbers and Marshall, 1981) Complete Mixed System Also known as a Completely Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR), the complete mixed system is most commonly a circular tank with a mechanical agitator. The mixing prevents settling and maintains contact between bacteria and the manure. It also helps maintain a uniform temperature (Barker, 2001). Electricity inp ut costs are higher due to the intermittent mixing of the digester. However, the mixing can cause foaming in the tank, which is undesirable because it occupies digester volume and can clog gas lines. Complete mix systems are able to handle the widest range of solids concentrations (3 to 10% total solids) (AgSTAR, 2004). Influent is often added to the digester as effluent is excreted in small quantities at regular intervals. Therefore the retention period of manure in a complete mix digester is not necessarily uniform. Fixed Film System Fixed film digesters contain structures (e.g. corrugated plastic drainage pipe) inside the vessel to help retain more anaerobic bacteria. The structures increase the 6PDF Image | Electricity and Heat Production Using Biogas from the Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock Manure - Literature Review
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