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Flush systems significantly increase the quantity of waste that must be processed through an energy recovery system. The increased quantity of cold, dilute manure can result in much larger treatment facilities and lower temperatures within the anaerobic digesters. Flush systems have also been associated with severe odor problems. Wet flush aisles promote bacterial activity leading to organic degradation and the generation of odors. The large quantity of untreated wastewater that is discharged to open ponds is an additional source of odorous degradation products. The problems associated with flush systems can be mitigated to a great extent by flushing once a day. By flushing the aisles once a day the volume of flush water will be significantly reduced such that it can be heated and effectively treated with the anaerobic contact process. Flushing once a day will also provide the opportunity for the aisles to dry, eliminating the generation of odors from open-air microbial degradation. Scrape and vacuum systems provide a concentrated waste flow, which minimizes the size of down-stream treatment facilities. The choice of which collection system to use will be based on economics since all collection systems, if properly operated, provide an opportunity to recover nutrients, enhance animal health, and minimize odors. Scrape and vacuum systems have a higher capital, and operation and maintenance costs. The downstream treatment costs however are lower. Flush systems have a lower capital and operating cost but the downstream treatment costs are higher. Treatment A wide variety of pretreatment and treatment options exist. Typically pretreatment consists of screening and gravity separation of the solids. The recovered solids are allowed to drain and may be subsequently composted for animal bedding. Stacked solids are applied to land once or twice a year depending on the phosphorus land application limitations. The stacked solids may also be exported from the site. Many nutrient management plans require 100 percent export of the stacked solids. Unfortunately, pretreatment is not beneficial for energy recovery since a significant portion of the solids that can be converted to gas are removed through the pretreatment activity. Since existing pretreatment processes produce odor, are expensive to operate and maintain, and severely impact potential energy generation it is recommended that pretreatment not be used before anaerobic digestion. Excess sands, silts, and fibers should be removed as part of the anaerobic digestion process. Aerobic treatment is an effective alternative for reducing odor. Aerobic treatment © Environmental Energy Company 47 www.makingenergy.com 360-923-2000PDF Image | Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook Options for Recovering Beneficial Products From Dairy Manure
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