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rate of 6 kg / m3 / d. Jewel operated a plug flow anaerobic digesters at an organic loading rate of 2.37 and achieved a 32.4 percent conversion to volatile solids to gas(Jewell, Dell'Otto et al. 1980), (Jewell, Dell-Orto et al. 1981). Converse operated both thermophilic and mesophilic completely mixed anaerobic digesters at a loading rate of 4.2 kg / m3 / d (Converse, Zeikus et al. 1975). Both thermophilic and mesophilic digesters achieved a 41 percent conversion of volatile solids to gas. Bryant (1977) on the other hand, operated completely mixed thermophilic digesters at loadings of 6.5 to 10.78 kg / m3 / d and achieved 50 percent volatile solids conversion to gas. Recently, Ahring reported a 28% volatile solids conversion in a thermophilic digester operated at a loading of 3 kg / m3 / d (Ahring, Ibrahim et al. 2001). Ghaly operated a dairy waste completely mixed mesophilic digester at a loading of 3.6 kg / m3 / d (Ghaly and Pyke 1992). He achieved a 46 percent conversion of volatile solids to gas. Qasim operated a completely mixed mesophilic digester at an organic loading rate of 3.2 kg / m3 / d and achieved a 52.9 percent volatile solids conversion to gas(Quasim, Warren et al. 1984). Echiegu operated a completely mixed dairy waste digester at an organic loading rate of 2 kg / m3 / d but only achieved a 40 percent conversion (Echiegu, Ghaly et al. 1992). Robbins also operated a completely mixed mesophilic digester at an organic loading rate of 2.6 kg per cubic meter per day that achieved a 30 percent conversion of volatile solids to gas (Robbins, Armold et al. 1983). Hills and Kayhanian (1985) operated a completely mixed mesophilic digester at a 1.8 kg / m3 / d loading that achieved a 31 percent volatile solids destruction and a 38 percent conversion at 1.0 kg / m3 / d. On the other hand, Pigg operated a completely mixed mesophilic anaerobic digester at an organic loading rate of 1.0 kg / m3 / d and achieved a peak volatile solids conversion to gas of 64 percent (Pigg 1977). As can be observed the published literature values are highly variable. The results generally confirm Smith’s conclusion that mesophilic digesters can achieve a 40% conversion of volatile solids at a loading of 5.7 kg / m3 / d (Smith, Greiner et al. 1980). Better conversions can be achieved at lower loadings. Thermophilic reactors appear to achieve greater conversions at high loadings while mesophilic reactors appear to achieve greater conversions at lower loadings. Lusk (1998) provided information on the performance of full-scale plug flow and completely mixed anaerobic digesters treating dairy manure. The loading and percent volatile solids conversion can be calculated from the information he presented. Figure 14 below presents the results of the analysis of the Lusk data. © Environmental Energy Company 39 www.makingenergy.com 360-923-2000PDF Image | Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook Options for Recovering Beneficial Products From Dairy Manure
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