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Particulate solids tend to settle in the horizontal baffled reactor (HBR) while organic fibers will form a mat on the surface. There are no known instances of the HBR being used for the treatment of dairy waste. Unless the dairy waste was thoroughly screened and all particulate matter removed the HBR would tend to become clogged. The removal of solids by screening and gravity sedimentation will eliminate up to 80% of the energy generating potential from dairy waste. Processes that can be used for Digesting Dairy Manure The processes that have been used for digesting dairy waste can be subdivided into high rate and low rate processes. Low rate processes consist of covered anaerobic lagoons, plug flow digesters, and mesophilic completely mixed digesters. High rate reactors include the thermophilic completely mixed digesters, anaerobic contact digesters, and hybrid contact/fixed film reactors. Anaerobic Lagoons (Very Low Rate) Anaerobic lagoons are covered ponds. Manure enters at one end and the effluent is removed at the other. The lagoons operate at psychrophilic, or ground temperatures. Consequently, the reaction rate is affected by seasonal variations in temperature. Figure 7 – Anaerobic Lagoons Gas Influent Sludge Bed Effluent Covered Lagoon Since the reaction temperature is quite low, the rate of conversion of solids to gas is also low. In addition, solids tend to settle to the bottom where decomposition occurs in a sludge bed. Little contact of bacteria with the bulk liquid occurs. The biomass concentration is low, resulting in very low solids conversion to gas (High F/M ratio with poor growth rates at low temperatures). Little or no mixing occurs. Consequently, lagoon utilization is poor. Anaerobic lagoons have been used to treat parlor and free stall flush water. Gas production rates have been low and seasonal. Solids may be screened and removed prior to entering the lagoon. A considerable amount of energy potential is lost with the removal of particulate solids. The advantage of anaerobic lagoons is the low- cost. The low cost is offset by the lower energy production and poor effluent quality. Periodically the covered lagoons must be cleaned at considerable cost. © Environmental Energy Company 27 www.makingenergy.com 360-923-2000PDF Image | Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook Options for Recovering Beneficial Products From Dairy Manure
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