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The composition of the manure solids is presented in Table 2. Table 2–Dairy Manure Composition (Stafford, Hawkes et al. 1980) Component Volatile solids Ether Extract Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin Starch Crude Protein Ammonia Acids % Dry of Matter 83.0 2.6 31.0 12.0 12.2 12.5 12.5 0.5 0.1 As can be observed from Table 2, the majority of the volatile solids are composed of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Both are readily converted to methane gas by anaerobic bacteria. As pointed out earlier, lignin will not degrade during anaerobic digestion. Since a substantial portion of the volatile solids in dairy waste is lignin, the percentage of cow manure volatile solids that can be converted to gas is lower when compared to other manure and wastes. The manure characteristics also establish the percentage of carbon dioxide and methane in the biogas produced. Dairy waste biogas will typically be composed of 55 to 65% methane and 35 to 45% carbon dioxide. Trace quantities of hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen will also be present. Dilution of Waste The waste characteristics can be altered by simple dilution. Water will reduce the concentration of certain constituents such as nitrogen and sulfur that produce products (ammonia and hydrogen sulfide) that are inhibitory to the anaerobic digestion process. High solids digestion creates high concentrations of end products that inhibit anaerobic decomposition. Therefore, some dilution can have positive effects. The literature indicates that greater reduction efficiencies occur at concentrations of approximately 6 to 7 percent total solids. Dairy waste "as excreted" is approximately 12 percent total solids and 10.5 percent volatile solids. Most treatment systems operate at a lower solids concentration than the "as excreted" values. © Environmental Energy Company 18 www.makingenergy.com 360-923-2000PDF Image | Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook Options for Recovering Beneficial Products From Dairy Manure
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