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Figure 7.21 Horizontal plug-flow digester (RUTZ 2006) 7.6.3 Maintenanceofdigesters Removal of sediments in the digester Sediments of heavy materials such as sand and other non-digestible materials can accumulate inside continuous-type digesters. Most of these materials can be removed during pre-storage or during the feeding process. However, sand can be very strongly attached to organic matter, thus difficult to separate prior to digestion. A large portion of this sand is released during the AD process in the digester. Animal manure (pig slurry, chicken dung), but also other types of biomass can contain various amounts of sand. Accumulation of sand inside the tanks and digesters reduces their active volume. The presence of sand in the biomass flow is heavily loading the stirring systems, the pumps and the heat exchangers, causing fouling, obstructions and heavy wear. If not removed periodically, sediment layers can become hard and can only be removed with heavy equipment. Continuous removal of sediment layers from digesters can be done using floor rakes or a floor drain. If the amount of sediment formation is high, the sediment removal systems may not function and the digester must be taken out of operation and opened in order to remove the sediment layer manually or mechanically, according to the size of the digester. The static pressure of very high digesters (more than 10 m) is considered sufficient to remove sand, scale and sludge. Sediment formation and the problems caused by it can be minimised by some basic measures: • Regularly emptying of pre-storage and storage tanks • Establishing sufficient pre-storage capacity • Applying adequate stirring method • Adequate placement of the pumping pipe stubs, in order to avoid sand circulation • Avoiding feedstock types with high sand content • Utilisation of specially developed methods of sand evacuation from the digesters 79 biogas HANDBOOKPDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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