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Figure 7.15 Insulated gas pipelines -left; Pipelines for digestate handling -right (RUTZ 2008) Gas pipelines must be installed sloped and be outfitted with valves, in order to release the condensate. Even very small amounts of condensate could lead to complete blockage of gas lines due to low pressure in the system. 7.5 Heatingsystem-digesterheating Constant process temperature inside the digester is one of the most important conditions for stable operation and high biogas yield. Temperature fluctuations, including fluctuations determined by season and weather conditions as well as local fluctuations, in different areas of the digester, must be kept as low as possible. Large fluctuations of temperature lead to imbalance of the AD process, and in worst cases to complete process failure. The causes • • • • • of temperature fluctuations are various: Addition of new feedstock, with different temperature than the one of the process Formation of temperature layers or temperature zones due to insufficient insulation, ineffective or incorrect dimensioning of heating system or insufficient stirring Inadequate placement of heating elements Extreme outdoor temperatures during summer or winter Failure of power-trains In order to achieve and maintain a constant process temperature and to compensate for eventual heat losses, digesters must be insulated and heated by external heating sources (Figure 7.16). The most frequently used source is waste heat from the CHP unit of the biogas plant. Heating the feedstock can be done either during the feeding process (pre-heating), through heat exchangers or it can be done inside the digester, by heating elements (Figure 7.17.), hot steam etc. Pre-heating the feedstock during feeding has the advantage of avoiding temperature fluctuations inside the digester. Many biogas plants use a combination of both types of feedstock heating. 73 biogas HANDBOOKPDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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