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biogas HANDBOOK • Careful selection of AD feedstock types and loads, based on complete declaration and description of each feedstock load indicating as a minimum: origin, composition, pH, DM, content of heavy metals and persistent organic compounds, pathogen contamination and other potential hazards 7 Biogas plant components A biogas plant is a complex installation, consisting of a variety of elements. The layout of such a plant depends to a large extent on the types and amounts of feedstock supplied. As there are many different feedstock types suitable for digestion in biogas plants, there are, correspondingly, various techniques for treating these feedstock types and different digester constructions and systems of operation. Furthermore, depending on the type, size and operational conditions of each biogas plant, various technologies for conditioning, storage and utilisation of biogas are possible to implement. As for storage and utilisation of digestate, this is primarily oriented towards its utilisation as fertiliser and the necessary environmental protection measures related to it. The main process steps in a biogas plant are outlined in Figure 7.1. The process steps illustrated in italics are not common for agricultural biogas plants. The differentiation in wet and dry AD is only theoretical, since microbiological processes always take place in fluid media. The limit between wet and dry digestion is determined by the “pumpability” of the feedstock. DM content above 15% means that the material is not “pumpable” and the AD in this case is defined as dry digestion. Direct supply of relatively dry feedstock (e.g. maize silage) into the digester increases the DM content of the feedstock mixture. Feedstock substrates Substrate conditioning Digesting technology Gas processing system Gas utilisation Digestate storage and - utilisation Crushing Sorting Pasteurisation Heat CHP(electricty + heat) Feeding into gas grid Fuel cells Fuel Substrate Delivery Storage Figure 7.1 Process steps of biogas technologies (LfU 2007) W et digestion Dry digestion Discharge Desulphurisation Drying CO2-sequestration Gas storage Storage Application and Disposal The core component of a biogas plant is the digester (AD reactor tank), which is accompanied by a number of other components (Figure 7.2). 60PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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