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biogas HANDBOOK There are many types and concepts of farm scale biogas plants around the world. In Europe, countries like Germany, Austria and Denmark are among the pioneers of farm scale biogas production. The interest of European farmers in AD applications is growing nowadays, not only because agricultural biogas production transforms waste products into valuable resources and produces high quality fertiliser but also because it creates new business opportunities for the involved farmers and gives them a new status, as renewable energy providers. The farm scale biogas plants have various sizes, designs and technologies. Some are very small and technologically simple, while others are rather large and complex, similar to the centralised co-digestion plants (see Chapter 4.1.3). Nevertheless, they all have a common principle layout: manure is collected in a pre-storage tank, close to the digester and pumped into the digester, which is a gas-tight tank, made of steel or concrete, insulated to maintain a constant process temperature. Digesters can be horizontal (Figure 4.2 and 4.3) or vertical, usually with stirring systems, responsible for mixing and homogenising the substrate, and minimising risks of swimming-layers and sediment formation. The average HRT is commonly of 20 to 40 days, depending on the type of substrate and digestion temperature. Digestate is used as fertiliser on the farm and the surplus is sold to plant farms in the nearby area. The produced biogas is used in a gas engine, for electricity and heat production. About 10 to 30% of the produced heat and electricity is used to operate the biogas plant and for domestic needs of the farmer, while the surplus is sold to power companies and respectively to neighbouring heat consumers. Digest er tank Prestorage tank Biogas st orage facility Slurry storage tank CHP - plant Heat Power Figure 4.2 Schematic representation of a farm scale biogas plant, with horizontal digester of steel. (HJORT-GREGERSEN 1998) Apart from the digester, equipped with stirring system, the plant can include pre-storage for fresh biomass, storage for digested biomass and for biogas, and even a CHP unit. 32PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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