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Capstone Turbine Corporation • 21211 Nordhoff Street • Chatsworth • CA 91311 • USA Application Guide: Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine Moisture Concerns Because of the way it is produced, biogas is saturated with water. Any cooling of the gas in process lines almost always generates liquid phase condensate. This condensate must be knocked out when the gas first enters the Capstone MicroTurbine flowsheet. Compressing the gas, and cooling it afterwards in a compressor after-cooler, produces more condensate. The compressed gas must be chilled, separated, and reheated (if downstream of the gas compressor). On the typical flowsheet (Figure 1), these operations are labeled with the term dryer. The ultimate objective is to introduce the pressurized gas into the Capstone MicroTurbine in such a condition that it will arrive at the manifold block at least 10° C (18° F) above its dew point temperature. Planning for this introduction must take into account both the hottest and the coldest ambient temperatures that will be encountered at the site. This planning is especially critical for installations operating in regions experiencing very cold climates that might otherwise freeze condensate in the fuel or drain lines. Additionally, and as stated in Note 2 of the table titled “Gaseous Fuel Contaminants Limitations” in the Capstone MicroTurbine Fuel Requirements Technical Reference (410002): “If the fuel or fuel system must be heated to a temperature above the ambient temperature in order to meet this requirement, or to prevent condensed water from freezing, precautions must be taken to prevent the condensation of water vapor or freezing when the MicroTurbine is shut down, so that freezing of control valves does not occur and no liquid may enter the MicroTurbine control system when started or during operation.” Careful attention to this requirement is essential at outdoor installations subject to freezing temperatures. Early Capstone biogas installations have shown that the use of industry-accepted, proven technology for compression and drying of landfill gas and digester gas is essential; for example: Sourgascompatiblerotaryslidingvaneorscrewcompressors. Refrigerateddryersorwater/glycolchillers. Inbothcases,stainlesssteelorequivalentconstructionisspecifiedforbiogas. Two of the most important points of plumbing design at a biogas site are to use the right material and allow for drainage. Plastic pipe is used in some locations but is not permitted in others. This type of pipe has the advantage of being corrosion-proof, but can be damaged. All piping must have provision for drainage. If the pipe goes underground or has a low point, the condensate will collect there and needs to be drained. Even if the piping diagram plan view appears to be perfect, the plumber may be tempted to route elevated pipe back to the ground level between various components like the compressor and the dryer. That pipe, and all others, must either slope toward a vessel with a drain or take appropriate means for condensate drainage. 480002 Rev D (October 2011) Page 6 of 14 Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.PDF Image | Application Guide Landfill/Digester Gas Use with the Capstone MicroTurbine
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