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Anaerobic Digestion of farm and food processing residues GoodPractice Guidelines Page4 During this process 30 - 60% of the digestible solids are converted into biogas. This gas must be burned, and can be used to generate heat or electricity or both. It can be burned in a conventional gas boiler and used as heat for nearby buildings including farmhouses, and to heat the digester. It can be used to power associated machinery or vehicles. Alternatively, it can be burned in a gas engine to generate electricity. If generating electricity, it is usual to use a more efficient combined heat and power (CHP) system, where heat can be removed in the first instance to maintain the digester temperature, and any surplus energy can be used for other purposes. A larger scale CHP plant can supply larger housing or industrial developments, or supply electricity to the grid. As fresh feedstock is added to the system, digestate is pumped from the digester to a storage tank. Biogas continues to be produced in the storage tank; collection and combustion may be an economic and safety requirement. The residual digestate can be stored and then applied to the land at an appropriate time without further treatment, or it can be separated to produce fibre and liquor. The fibre can be used as a soil conditioner or composted prior to use or sale. The liquor contains a range of nutrients and can be used as a liquid fertiliser which can be sold or used on-site as part of a crop nutrient management plan. AD products can, therefore, help farmers reduce their requirement for non-renewable forms of energy such as fossil fuels, and the digestate, if correctly used, can reduce demand for synthetic fertilisers and other soil conditioners which may be manufactured using less sustainable methods. Using these guidelines These guidelines cover good practice for existing and potential AD plants using residues from livestock farming and food processing: they do not cover all possible feedstocks for AD. They specifically do not cover wastes such as sewage sludge, municipal solid waste or specified bovine material or other abattoir residue, all of which are covered by other guidelines and regulations. Whether an on-farm digester, or a larger scale centralised anaerobic digester (CAD), is being considered, the principles remain the same. These good practice guidelines aim to help new projects to proceed in an appropriate and sensitive manner so that the industry as a whole can continue to expand with a responsible reputation. The guidelines will also be useful for local authority officers and councillors, who may be considering applications for planning permission for a digester, or establishing waste management or renewable energy projects themselves or in partnership with others, and for local communities and neighbours. They have been developed by a whole range of organisations and individuals with extensive experience of AD development as developers, farmers, users, environmental bodies and planners. The guidelines cover reducing the risks of environmental pollution, ways of maximising economic viability, and consultation with local communities. They show how AD can reduce the risk of farm pollution through integrated waste management, reduce greenhouse gases, generate energy from a renewable, relatively non- polluting source, and provide soil conditioner and fertiliser, reducing input costs. The guidelines stress that, although AD is a proven and relatively simply technology, the importance of health and safety should not be underestimated and management must always consider safety as well as effective production and environmental impact. All new developments have some negative environmental impacts. It is the responsibility of the developer of any AD scheme, whether a farmer, a co-operative or a commercial CAD developer, to consider its environmental and health and safety impacts and its acceptability to local communities, as well as its economic viability - minimising any negative impacts through appropriate developments for local circumstances and good practice in establishment andPDF Image | Anaerobic Digestion Of farm and food Processing residues The development of a sustainable industry
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