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Pathogen and weed seed reductions have probably occurred in both systems. If spills occur, the reduced BOD in the effluent should help reduce the effect on the environment. The pond system and recycling pump on Farm B were a relatively low capital cost. A flat site with low permeability soil could reduce the costs of installation even further. Steep sites that require an artificial liner would be much more expensive. Retrofitting a flushing system into a flat barn would also be more expensive. An existing 2% slope on the alleys would be ideal. Farm A did a good job of finding an appropriately sized used engine generator at a very reasonable cost. There may be ways they could have used an earth reinforced plastic lined digester to reduce the initial cost. If they could find a use for more of the electricity to change the value of the excess produced from $0.02 per kW sold to the utility to $0.09 per kW of avoided cost on the farm, the digester system would have even more value. They are using some of the waste heat to heat water in the milking center. Smaller farms have higher per cow costs for a digester system. Conclusions Both the wetland treatment system and the anaerobic digester are feasible systems for dairy farms that will provide excellent odor control. The costs of these systems are comparable or less than other manure handling systems. The management required is well within the abilities of most dairy farms. There are advantages and disadvantages to each system that may be more or less important to each farm. The wetland system works very well with a flushing system to clean the barns. Gently sloping topography and relatively impermeable soils will keep the initial costs low. Farms that don't need all the nutrients in the raw manure may benefit from the nutrient losses of this system. The anaerobic digester system would be best for a farm that had high electric costs and could use the nutrients for crop production. Nutrient utilization and by-product sales are important in reducing the cost of a manure handling system. Marketing the separated solids and fully utilizing the nutrients in the manure can help pay for odor treatment systems. References Bernhart, Alfred P. ,Evapotranspiration, Nutrient Uptake, and Soil Infiltration of Effluent Water. 1985, A. P. Bernhart 23 Cheritan Av. Toronto, Canada M4R1S3 Bion Technologies, Inc. 606 N. French Road, Suite 6 West Amherst, NY 14228 716-691-3385 Brown, C., R. E. Graves, and P. Wright. 1994. Liquid Manure Application Case Studies. Page 10-20. In NRAES, Liquid Manure Application Systems. Proc. Liquid Manure Application Systems Conf., December 1-2, 1994. NRAES-79. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. EPA, A Manual For Developing Biogas Systems at Commercial Farms in the United States, July 1997, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA-430-B-97-015 12PDF Image | ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND WETLAND TREATMENT CASE STUDY: COMPARING TWO MANURE ODOR CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS
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