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Table 3. Manure characteristics and estimated amounts per cow from Farm B Wetland treatment system. As produced Separated liquid Separated solids Nutrients available Lb. per year %M %N 90 0.40 99 0.08 83 0.37 %P %K Lb. 0.09 0.30 152 0.01 0.07 135 0.10 0.07 17.5 39 5 35 In table 3, the mass of solids was estimated using previously measured densities of the separated solids of 35 pounds per cubic foot. The mass of the separated liquid was determined by subtracting the mass of the separated solids. This mass was compared to the amount reported spread in 1997 and was only 10% lower. The farmer reported irrigating 148 pounds of liquid per cow per day in 1997. Predicting the amounts and concentrations of the nutrients in this system is even more difficult. Obtaining representative samples and estimating the losses from biological, chemical, and physical processes in this relatively uncontrolled system can be difficult. The biological reactions are not monitored or controlled and the temperature, precipitation, and evaporation are uncontrolled in the ponds. There can be a large effect on the nutrient concentrations. Bion Technologies, Inc. is designing and installing these systems throughout the US. The capital costs for the installation and a management fee would be paid to this company and the profits from the sale of the solids would be split between the company and the farmer. Wetland Costs The $94,919 first year expense for this system is a moderate investment for a manure handling system. There is some opportunity for potential returns, but the revenues from the sale of the solids have to be split with the managing partner. After converting to a present value over a 20 year life with 8% interest, the net per cow cost of this system is ($390.27). The sales of solids are assumed to be $6,000 per year, and assuming the value of the nutrients at $0.25 per pound the nutrients remaining are worth $3,354 per year. There are of course many factors not taken into account in this analysis. The nutrients were assumed to be needed when it may be that only nitrogen is needed on the farm. The sales of the solids hopefully will continue without competition. Yearly expenses include $2,995 per year for the electricity and $3,360 to remove the solids from the shallow solid settling ponds. The pump was assigned a ten year life. The spreading cost of the manure was ignored as well as the offsite storage cost. The additional benefit of cleaning the barn is included in this system. The farmer, the veterinarian, and the hoof trimmer are pleased with the results of the flush system. These costs are shown in table 4. 10PDF Image | ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND WETLAND TREATMENT CASE STUDY: COMPARING TWO MANURE ODOR CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR DAIRY FARMS
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