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2.3.2. Estimation of Annual Emission Reductions for Waldbaums The electricity and heat generated by the CHP system will offset electricity supplied by the utility grid and heat supplied by the Munters' gas-fired burners. Section 1.4.5 states that annual emission reductions are estimated for the Waldbaums with two key assumptions: (1) all energy (power and heat) produced by the CHP system is consumed on site and, (2) the unit will have a 98-percent availability rate. Table 2-8 summarizes estimated NOX and CO2 emissions and emission reductions from on-site electricity production. The table shows that electricity production under the CHP scenario results in annual NOX emission reductions of 879 lbs. The reductions are favorable for both ozone and non-ozone season periods because the emission rate for the NY ISO is significantly higher than the emission rate for the CHP. The CO2 emission rate for the NY ISO is similar to the emission rate for the CHP. CO2 emission reductions are estimated to be small on a percentage basis (about 1 percent), but significant as an absolute value. About 37,000 lbs CO2 may be reduced annually. CHP emission rates for on-site heat production are assigned as zero because emissions are accounted for in electricity generation. In other words, the heat recovered is otherwise waste heat and no emissions are associated with this process. Section 1.4.5 shows that approximately 394,513 kWh of energy from the space-heating burner and 95,257 kWh of energy from the regeneration burner are eliminated. An annual NOX reduction of 185 lbs is estimated using the burner NOX emission factor of 0.000378 lb/kWhth. An annual CO2 emission reduction of 291,477s lb may be realized through heat recovery and use using the CO2 emission factors of 0.628 and 0.459 lb/kWh for the two different burners. Table 2-9 summarizes the annual emissions and emission reductions for both electrical and thermal energy production systems. It is estimated that 17-percent reductions in NOX emissions may occur with the CHP system compared to the baseline scenario. The highest reduction is due to the displacement of emissions from the electric utility. An annual CO2 emission reduction of 8 percent may occur. Over 88 percent of these reductions (291,477 lbs) are due to the displacement of emissions from on-site heat recovery. In conclusion, DG systems operated in combined power and heat recovery mode results in the most reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. 2-16 SRI/USEPA-GHG-VR-27 September 2003PDF Image | Environmental Technology Verification Report
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