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Chapter 6 Evaluation of Combined Heat and Power Technologies for Wastewater Treatment Facilities Prior to combustion in the turbines the blended gas is chilled by refrigeration-cycle chillers down to about 42 degrees Fahrenheit. This process is designed to remove additional moisture from the digester gas. An added benefit of this process is the removal of siloxanes from the digester gas via condensation. Downstream of the high-pressure chiller, and prior to introduction of the digester gas to the combustion turbines, the gas is reheated by a closed-cycle water heat exchanger to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Figure 6-5. Digester Gas Chilling System at the JWPCP To control the formation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the treatment plant adds iron salts, primarily ferric chloride, to the liquid stream. This ferric dosing limits the concentration of H2S in the digester gas to 25 to 35 ppm. The digester gas does not receive any treatment for further H2S removal. Plant staff estimate that about 50 percent of all siloxanes in the digester gas is removed via condensation. No other actions are taken to further reduce siloxanes. Evidence of siloxanes in the digester gas was observed as billowy, cotton-like deposits on the outside of portions of the turbine system’s duct work as shown on Figure 6-6. The combustion turbines do not appear to be adversely affected by siloxanes as they continue to operate without any difficulties or reduction in performance. None of the performance and maintenance issues frequently encountered due to the combustion of siloxane-laden digester gas have been reported at the JWPCP. This is likely due, at least in part, to the ongoing maintenance service contract with Solar Turbines that keeps the turbines in excellent operating condition. Initially, and as a demonstration project, the combustion turbines were equipped with catalytic converters. However, the catalytic beds became poisoned by impurities, possibly including siloxanes, within weeks of start-up. The catalytic converters were subsequently removed and the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) did not impose requirements that would lead to their continued use, since at the time there was no known technology for the efficient removal of siloxanes from digester gas. 6-6PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power Technologies for Wastewater Facilities
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