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Chapter 4 Evaluation of Combined Heat and Power Technologies for Wastewater Treatment Facilities Figure 4-6. Common Approach to Digester Gas Treatment for Use as CHP Fuel 4.2 Infrastructure Requirements CHP systems often have unique infrastructure requirements. An element common to most successful CHP systems is careful pre-planning with considerable attention given to supporting infrastructure, including compliance with various building codes. Infrastructure designs should provide for ample space to access and maintain system equipment. Proper ventilation, for process combustion air and system cooling, is required for most CHP systems, particularly those supported by internal combustion engines and combustion gas turbines. Without proper ventilation and cooling, internal combustion engine performance may be diminished. Combustion gas turbine and steam turbine-based CHP systems are usually located indoors and require significant building space. Despite indoor installation, combustion gas turbines are housed in ventilated enclosures for sound attenuation. Internal combustion engines are generally located indoors and require much of the same housing infrastructure as combustion gas turbine and steam turbine systems. As an alternative, however, internal combustion engines can also be located outdoors and housed in modular units. An advantage of the modularized units is easy outdoor installation without much of the special infrastructure (lighting, equipment access, and building heating/ventilation/cooling) required for indoor installation. Fuel cells and microturbines are regularly located outdoors and do not require any of the special infrastructure regularly needed for larger prime movers. For safety reasons digester gas treatment equipment is usually located outdoors. When located indoors national and local code requirements for fire and explosion safety should be reviewed and incorporated into the design. Of particular importance is NFPA 820: Standard for Fire Protection in Wastewater Treatment and Collection Facilities. Also, locating these units indoors would add significantly to the installed cost of the system. Items such as iron sponge and activated carbon vessels require roadway access for charging and removing media. Vactor trucks are ideal for media removal from some manufacturer’s treatment vessels. Conversely, forklifts and small cranes are best suited for lifting super sacks for discharging media into the open tops of treatment vessels. 4-8PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power Technologies for Wastewater Facilities
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