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EPA – COMBINED HEAT AND POWER TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION 3. COMPARISON OF CHP TECHNOLOGIES Digester gas-fueled combined heat and power (CHP) systems are typically sized differently than other types of CHP systems. For example, large power plants and standby generators are usually sized based on electric output, while natural gas-fueled CHP systems are typically sized based on thermal output. In contrast, digester gas-fueled CHP systems are generally sized based on available fuel energy. The prime movers discussed throughout this document are available in several different sizes with a broad range of electric power generation and heat recovery capacities. With multiple prime mover technologies available, it is important to select the best device that can most closely satisfy electric power generation and heat recovery objectives, as determined by the publically owned treatment works (POTW). The purpose of this chapter is to assist the reader in selecting an appropriate type and size of prime mover for a particular CHP application based on the available digester gas and the facility’s electric power generation and heat recovery goals. This chapter includes several Venn diagrams that provide a comparison of certain performance characteristics for each of the prime mover technologies presented in this document. The Venn diagrams are intended to provide the reader with a general sense of which prime mover technology might be most appropriate for a given set of operational conditions and objectives specific to their CHP facility. In addition to the Venn diagrams, this chapter also includes a diagram that depicts a common, step-wise approach to making a preliminary prime mover selection. 3.1 Suitability Considerations The amount of digester gas fuel available is often the main driver in selecting an appropriate CHP prime mover. The Venn diagrams presented below provide a comparison of prime movers for select performance characteristics. The prime mover comparisons are shown in terms of fuel requirement as Btu per hour (Btuh). The fuel requirement displayed for each technology is based on the needs of a single prime mover only. However, many digester gas-fueled CHP systems consist of multiple prime mover units, allowing the POTW to meet electrical, thermal, and other CHP system objectives while closely matching the amount of available fuel. Knowing the amount of digester gas fuel available for CHP, the reader should enter the Venn diagrams along the X-axis and then move upward to determine the type of prime mover, and the number of units required, that might be suitable for the performance characteristics shown on the Y-axis. Because the range of fuel required by some CHP prime movers can be broad, it is necessary to plot the X-axis of the Venn diagrams on a logarithmic scale. In some cases other factors may supersede fuel availability in the selection of a prime mover. For example, in California and a few large metropolitan air districts air emissions regulations can be the primary driver in the selection of the prime mover and CHP system design. 3-1PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power Technologies for Wastewater Facilities
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