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Behavior of Capstone and Honeywell Microturbine Generators During Load Changes Table 9. Ramping Times for Honeywell 75-kW MTG Start Load End Load Percent Time to Change Transition Time (kW) (kW) Change Load (sec) (sec/kW) 75 60 20 14 0.93 60 45 20 16 1.07 45 30 20 11 0.73 30 15 20 13 0.87 15 0 20 14 0.93 0 15 20 17 1.13 15 30 20 19 1.27 30 45 20 18 1.20 45 60 20 17 1.13 60 75 20 17 1.13 75 40 47 33 0.94 40 0 53 36 0.90 0 40 53 39 0.98 40 75 47 36 1.03 75 0 100 64 0.85 0 75 100 149 1.99 75 0 100 67 0.89 0 75 100 142 1.89 As can be seen in the table, ramp-up times are typically longer than the ramp-down times by several seconds. This is probably because of limitations on the increase in turbine exit temperature. This effect is most pronounced in the ramping tests between 0 and 100 but also shows up in the tests with 20- and 47-53-percent step changes. Another characteristic, which can be seen in the curves for the 0- to 75-kW ramp test, is that the output power increase flattens out for several seconds before ramping to full power. Initially this effect appeared to be caused by limits on turbine exit temperature, but closer examination of the charts shows that the turbine exit temperature goes even higher after the output power reaches 75 kW. The limiting factor seems to be turbine speed and DC link voltage. Both of these parameters reach peak values at the same time that the output power reaches a plateau. Then, as output power continues to rise, both turbine speed and DC link voltage decrease until a stable operating point is reached. Another important feature seen in the ramping charts is the zigzag pattern of the turbine speed and DC link voltage at low and zero power. This is caused by air being bypassed in the turbine for cooling (which was accompanied by a distinctive sound from the MTG). During a step down in MTG power output, several characteristics could be seen. First, when the power reduction command was entered, there was an immediate rise in the DC link voltage (15 to 20 volts), followed shortly by a rise in the turbine shaft speed (1,000 to 1,500 RPM). The turbine exit temperature also decreased because of increased air flow and decreased fuel input. As the MTG reached the new power level, turbine speed stabilized at a lower level, as did turbine exit temperature. The DC link voltage reduced to about 500 volts and went no lower. 13PDF Image | Behavior of Capstone and Honeywell Microturbine Generators During Load Changes Consultant Report
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